WebService是什么
WebService是一种跨编程语言和跨操作系统平台的远程调用技术。
跨编程语言：就是说服务端程序采用python编写，客户端程序则可以采用其他编程语言编写(nodejs、java等)；
跨操作系统平台：就是说服务端程序和客户端程序可以在不同的操作系统上运行；
远程调用：就是一台计算机A上的程序可以调用另一台计算机B上一个对象的方法。eg: 银联提供给商场的pos刷卡系统、天气预报系统等；
SOAP协议是什么
WebService通过http协议发送请求和接收结果时，发送的请求内容和结果内容都是采用XML格式封装的，并增加一些特定的HTTP消息头以声明HTTP消息的内容格式。这些特定的HTTP消息头和XML内容格式就是SOAP协议。
简而言之，SOAP协议 = HTTP协议 + XML数据格式
WSDL是什么
好比我们去商店买东西，首先要知道商店里有什么东西可买，然后再来购买，商家的做法就是张贴广告海报。 WebService也一样，WebService客户端要调用一个WebService服务，首先要有知道这个服务的地址在哪，以及这个服务里有什么方 法可以调用，所以，WebService务器端首先要通过一个WSDL文件来说明自己家里有啥服务可以对外调用，服务是什么（服务中有哪些方法，方法接受 的参数是什么，返回值是什么），服务的网络地址用哪个url地址表示，服务通过什么方式来调用。
WSDL(Web Services Description Language)就是这样一个基于XML的语言，用于描述Web Service及其函数、参数和返回值。它是WebService客户端和服务器端都 能理解的标准格式。因为是基于XML的，所以WSDL既是机器可阅读的，又是人可阅读的，这将是一个很大的好处。一些最新的开发工具既能根据你的 Web service生成WSDL文档，又能导入WSDL文档，生成调用相应WebService的代理类代码。
WSDL 文件保存在Web服务器上，通过一个url地址就可以访问到它。客户端要调用一个WebService服务之前，要知道该服务的WSDL文件的地址。 WebService服务提供商可以通过两种方式来暴露它的WSDL文件地址：1.注册到UDDI服务器，以便被人查找；2.直接告诉给客户端调用者。
WebService开发
1.服务端开发（基于python—spyne库）
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
server.py
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Description of this file
:author: nut
:copyright: (c) 2020, Comcat
:date created: 2020-12-02
:python version: 3.5
"""
# Application is the glue between one or more service definitions, interface and protocol choices.
from spyne.application import Application
# @rpc 修饰器将方法公开为远程过程调用，并声明其接收和返回的数据类型
from spyne.decorator import rpc
# spyne.service.ServiceBase是所有服务定义的基类
from spyne import ServiceBase
# 数据类型
from spyne import Integer, Unicode, Array, ComplexModel, Iterable, String
# soap1.1标准
from spyne.protocol.soap import Soap11
# 我们的服务是通过http进行传输的，WsgiApplication将包装Application实例
from spyne.server.wsgi import WsgiApplication
# python内置的wsgi服务器模块：wsgiref，用于创建wsgi服务
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
# step1: 自定义数据结构
class Person(ComplexModel):
name = Unicode
age = Integer
class PeopleResponse(ComplexModel):
name = Person
message = Unicode
# step2: 定义服务
class HelloWorldService(ServiceBase):
@rpc(Unicode, Integer, _returns=Iterable(Unicode))
def say_hello(self, name, times):
for i in range(times):
yield "Hello %s, It's the %s time to meet you." % (name, i + 1)
@rpc(Array(Person), _returns=Iterable(Unicode))
def say_hello_1(self, persons):
print('-------say_hello_1()--------')
if not persons:
yield 'None'
for person in persons:
print('name is : %s, age is %s.' % (person.name, person.age))
yield 'name is : %s, age is %s.' % (person.name, person.age)
class HelloWorldService2(ServiceBase):
@rpc(Array(String), _returns=Iterable(Unicode))
def say_hello_2(self, persons):
if not persons:
yield 'None'
for person in persons:
yield person
@rpc(Person, _returns=PeopleResponse)
def say_hello_3(self, person):
if not person:
return {}
else:
# return PeopleResponse(name=People(**person))
return {
"name": person,
"message": 'name is : %s, age is %s.' % (person.name, person.age)
}
# step3:
application = Application([HelloWorldService, HelloWorldService2],
'spyne.examples.hello',
in_protocol=Soap11(validator='lxml'),
out_protocol=Soap11())
# step4:
wsgi_application = WsgiApplication(application)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import logging
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = 8902
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# 指定日志记录器的名称，设置日志记录级别
logging.getLogger('spyne.protocol.xml').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
logging.info("listening to http://127.0.0.1:8902")
logging.info("wsdl is at: http://localhost:8902/?wsdl")
# step5: 创建wsgi服务
server = make_server(host, port, wsgi_application)
server.serve_forever()
2. 客户端开发（Python & Nodejs）
suds - Python client
需安装python第三方库suds：pip install suds-py3
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
client_requests_suds.py
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
模拟客户端请求——suds版本
:author: nut
:copyright: (c) 2020, Comcat
:date created: 2020-12-01
:python version: 3.7
"""
from suds.client import Client
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = 8902
client = Client('http://%s:%s/?wsdl' % (host, port))
# print(client) # 打印wsdl内容
# print('=' * 20)
persons = client.service.say_hello('zhangsan', 2)
print(persons)
print('-' * 20)
person = {}
person['name'] = 'zhangsan'
person['age'] = 23
persons = client.factory.create('PersonArray')
persons.Person.append(person)
persons.Person.append(person)
person = client.service.say_hello_1(persons)
print(person)
print('=' * 20)
persons = client.factory.create('stringArray')
persons.string.append('lisi')
persons.string.append('zhangsan')
person = client.service.say_hello_2(persons)
print(person)
print('=' * 20)
pers = {"name": u"张三", "age": 23}
result = client.service.say_hello_3(pers)
print(result)
zeep - Python client
需安装python第三方库zeep：pip install zeep
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
client_requests_zeep.py
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
模拟客户端请求——zeep版本
:author: nut
:copyright: (c) 2020, Comcat
:date created: 2020-12-02
:python version: 3.5
"""
from zeep import Client
ip = '127.0.0.1'
port = 8901
client = Client("http://%s:%s/?wsdl" % (ip, port))
# print(client.wsdl.dump()) # 解析wsdl
# print('=' * 20)
### say_hello
r = client.service.say_hello('zhansgan', 3)
print(r)
print('-' * 20)
### say_hello_1
factory = client.type_factory("ns0")
person = factory.Person(name='zhangsan', age=23)
persons = factory.PersonArray([person, person])
r = client.service.say_hello_1(persons)
print(r)
print('-' * 20)
### say_hello_2
factory = client.type_factory("ns0")
persons = factory.stringArray(["zhansgan", "lisi"])
r = client.service.say_hello_2(persons)
print(r)
print('-' * 20)
### say_hello_3
# factory = client.type_factory("ns0")
person = {"name": u"张三", "age": 23}
r = client.service.say_hello_3(person)
print(r)
<strong-soap> - node client （亲测可用）
需安装node第三方库strong-soap：npm install strong-soap
var soap = require("strong-soap").soap;
var ip = '127.0.0.1';
var port = 8901;
var WSDL_URL = "http://" + ip + ":" + port + "/?wsdl";
soap.createClient(WSDL_URL, {}, function (err, client) {
client.setEndpoint(WSDL_URL)
// console.log(client)
// console.log("===============================================")
// console.log(client.describe())
// console.log("===============================================")
// 调用say_hello方法 (亲测可行)
client.say_hello({"name": "ccc", "times": 2}, function (err, result) {
console.log("<say_hello>Err: ")
console.log(err)
console.log("<say_hello>Result: ")
console.log(result)
console.log("===============================================")
})
// say_hello_1 参数结构
let arg_1 = {
"persons": {
"Person": [{"name": "zzz", "age": 23}, {"name": "aaa", "age": 18}
]
}
}
// 调用say_hello_1方法 (传参可行)
client.say_hello_1(arg_1, function (err, result) {
console.log("<say_hello_1>Err: ")
console.log(err)
console.log("<say_hello_1>Result: ")
console.log(result)
console.log("===============================================")
})
// say_hello_2 参数结构
let arg_2 = {
persons: {
string: ["aaa", "zzz"]
}
}
// 调用say_hello_2方法 (传参可行)
client.say_hello_2(arg_2, function (err, result) {
console.log("<say_hello_2>Err: ")
console.log(err)
console.log("<say_hello_2>Result: ")
console.log(result)
console.log("===============================================")
})
// say_hello_3 参数结构
let arg_3 = {
person: {
name: "aaa",
age: 24
}
}
// 调用say_hello_3方法 (传参可行)
client.say_hello_3(arg_3, function (err, result) {
console.log("<say_hello_3>Err: ")
console.log(err)
console.log("<say_hello_3>Result: ")
console.log(result)
console.log("===============================================")
})
})
node:strong-soap开发客户端，难点在于： complexType参数的构造。
上述node客户端脚本执行结果如下：
# 结果：
<say_hello>Err:
null
<say_hello>Result:
{ say_helloResult:
{ string:
[ 'Hello ccc, It\'s the 1 time to meet you.',
'Hello ccc, It\'s the 2 time to meet you.' ] } }
===============================================
<say_hello_1>Err:
null
<say_hello_1>Result:
{ say_hello_1Result:
{ string: [ 'name is : zzz, age is 23.', 'name is : aaa, age is 18.' ] } }
===============================================
<say_hello_2>Err:
null
<say_hello_2>Result:
{ say_hello_2Result: { string: [ 'aaa', 'zzz' ] } }
===============================================
<say_hello_3>Err:
null
<say_hello_3>Result:
{ say_hello_3Result:
{ name: { name: 'aaa', age: 24 },
message: 'name is : aaa, age is 24.' } }
===============================================
